Block Flow Diagram - Revision history

Jian: /* References */

2015-03-02T04:23:11Z

References

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	==References==		==References==

	:Biegler LT, Grossmann IE, Westerberg AW. Systematic Methods of Chemical Process Design. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 1997.		Biegler LT, Grossmann IE, Westerberg AW. Systematic Methods of Chemical Process Design. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 1997.

	:Khoobiar S, Porcelli R, inventor; The Halcon Sd Group Inc., assignee. Conversion of propane to acrylic acid. European patent EP0117146. 1984 May 5.		Khoobiar S, Porcelli R, inventor; The Halcon Sd Group Inc., assignee. Conversion of propane to acrylic acid. European patent EP0117146. 1984 May 5.

	:Peters MS, Timmerhaus KD. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2003.		Peters MS, Timmerhaus KD. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2003.

	:Seider WD, Seader JD, Lewin DR. Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2004.		Seider WD, Seader JD, Lewin DR. Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2004.

	:Towler G, Sinnott R. Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design. 2nd ed. Boston: Elsevier; 2013.		Towler G, Sinnott R. Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design. 2nd ed. Boston: Elsevier; 2013.

	:Turton R, Bailie RC, Whiting WB, Shaewitz JA, Bhattacharyya D. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall; 2012.		Turton R, Bailie RC, Whiting WB, Shaewitz JA, Bhattacharyya D. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall; 2012.

Jian: /* References */

2015-02-24T18:01:13Z

References

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	:Seider WD, Seader JD, Lewin DR. Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2004.		:Seider WD, Seader JD, Lewin DR. Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2004.

	:Towler G, Sinnott R. Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design. 2nd ed. Boston: ~~Butterworth-Heinemann~~; 2013.		:Towler G, Sinnott R. Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design. 2nd ed. Boston: Elsevier; 2013.

	:Turton R, Bailie RC, Whiting WB, Shaewitz JA, Bhattacharyya D. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall; 2012.		:Turton R, Bailie RC, Whiting WB, Shaewitz JA, Bhattacharyya D. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall; 2012.

Jian: /* References */

2015-02-24T17:37:45Z

References

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	==References==		==References==

	~~# Towler, G.P. and Sinnot, R. (2012). ''Chemical Engineering Design~~: ~~Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design.''Elsevier.~~		:Biegler LT, Grossmann IE, Westerberg AW. Systematic Methods of Chemical Process Design. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 1997.
	# Biegler~~, L.T.~~, Grossmann, ~~L.E., and~~ Westerberg~~, A.W. (1997)~~. ''Systematic Methods of Chemical Process Design.'' Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.
	~~# Peters~~, M.S. ~~and Timmerhaus, K~~.D. ~~(2003)~~. ''Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers, 5th ~~Edition~~.'' New York: McGraw-Hill.		:Khoobiar S, Porcelli R, inventor; The Halcon Sd Group Inc., assignee. Conversion of propane to acrylic acid. European patent EP0117146. 1984 May 5.
	# Seider~~, W.D.~~, Seader, ~~J.D., and~~ Lewin~~, D~~.~~R. (2004). ''~~Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation.'' New York: Wiley.
	~~# Turton~~, R.T., Bailie~~, R.C.~~, Whiting, ~~W.B., and~~ Shaewitz, J.~~A. (2003). ''~~Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes'' Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.		:Peters MS, Timmerhaus KD. Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2003.
	~~# Khoobiar, S.~~; ~~Porcelli, R. Conversion of propane to acrylic acid. EP0117146, May 5, 1984~~.
			:Seider WD, Seader JD, Lewin DR. Process Design Principles: Synthesis, Analysis, and Evaluation. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley; 2004.

			:Towler G, Sinnott R. Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design. 2nd ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2013.

			:Turton R, Bailie RC, Whiting WB, Shaewitz JA, Bhattacharyya D. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall; 2012.

Jian: /* Example 2: Oxidation of Propene to Acrylic Acid */

2015-02-24T17:36:42Z

Example 2: Oxidation of Propene to Acrylic Acid

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	==Example 2: Oxidation of Propene to Acrylic Acid==		==Example 2: Oxidation of Propene to Acrylic Acid==
	Propane is dehydrogenated to propene, which is oxidized to acrolein first and then further oxidized to acrylic acid. The products are separated in the end to give acrylic acid and various by-products. The by-products are further separated to yield a propane recycle stream. Each block in the BFD provided shows what each individual unit is doing along every step of the process. It also shows inlet and outlet streams, as well as byproducts and recycle streams. A BFD in this style is helpful so that all materials can be seen, every step of the process is outlined, and byproducts can be taken into consideration for waste removal/treatment.		Propane is dehydrogenated to propene, which is oxidized to acrolein first and then further oxidized to acrylic acid. The products are separated in the end to give acrylic acid and various by-products. The by-products are further separated to yield a propane recycle stream. Each block in the BFD provided shows what each individual unit is doing along every step of the process. It also shows inlet and outlet streams, as well as byproducts and recycle streams. A BFD in this style is helpful so that all materials can be seen, every step of the process is outlined, and byproducts can be taken into consideration for waste removal/treatment.
	[[File:Acrylicacidexample.JPG\|center\|frame\|Figure 3. Block flow process diagram for the production of acrylic acid~~[6]~~]]		[[File:Acrylicacidexample.JPG\|center\|frame\|Figure 3. Block flow process diagram for the production of acrylic acid (Khoobiar et al., 1984)]]

	==References==		==References==

Jian: /* Example 1: Production of Benzene */

2015-02-24T17:36:12Z

Example 1: Production of Benzene

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	==Example 1: Production of Benzene==		==Example 1: Production of Benzene==
	Toluene and hydrogen are used as [https://processdesign.mccormick.northwestern.edu/index.php/Define_product_and_feed feed stocks] for the production of benzene. The toluene and hydrogen are sent to a reactor, and the effluent is sent to a gas separator where the noncondensable gases are discharged from the system. The bottoms of the separator provides a liquid feed to a still where the lighter benzene gas is collected as the distillate and the bottom toluene draw is recycled back into the reactor. The BFD provided shows the reaction, the stream names, and the mass flow of the inlets and outlets. There are many components of this system (heat exchangers and pumps, etc.) that are not represented because they are not vital for an understanding of the main features of the process.		Toluene and hydrogen are used as [https://processdesign.mccormick.northwestern.edu/index.php/Define_product_and_feed feed stocks] for the production of benzene. The toluene and hydrogen are sent to a reactor, and the effluent is sent to a gas separator where the noncondensable gases are discharged from the system. The bottoms of the separator provides a liquid feed to a still where the lighter benzene gas is collected as the distillate and the bottom toluene draw is recycled back into the reactor. The BFD provided shows the reaction, the stream names, and the mass flow of the inlets and outlets. There are many components of this system (heat exchangers and pumps, etc.) that are not represented because they are not vital for an understanding of the main features of the process.
	[[File:Benzene_prod_example.JPG\|center\|frame\|Figure 2. Block flow process diagram for the production of benzene ~~[5]~~]]		[[File:Benzene_prod_example.JPG\|center\|frame\|Figure 2. Block flow process diagram for the production of benzene (Turton et al., 2012)]]

	==Example 2: Oxidation of Propene to Acrylic Acid==		==Example 2: Oxidation of Propene to Acrylic Acid==

Jian: /* Conventions */

2015-02-24T17:35:44Z

Conventions

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	# Light streams (gases) are typically closer to the top of the BFD than are heavy streams (liquids or solids)		# Light streams (gases) are typically closer to the top of the BFD than are heavy streams (liquids or solids)
	# Critical information unique to the process (such as a chemical reaction) is supplied		# Critical information unique to the process (such as a chemical reaction) is supplied
	# A simplified material balance should be provided ~~[4]~~		# A simplified material balance should be provided (Seider et al., 2004)

	==Example 1: Production of Benzene==		==Example 1: Production of Benzene==

Jian: /* Block Flow Process Diagram */

2015-02-24T17:35:14Z

Block Flow Process Diagram

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	====Block Flow Process Diagram====		====Block Flow Process Diagram====
	This model will concentrate on a particular sector/area of a chemical plant. This would be a separate flow diagram that details what would have been present inside of one of the blocks in the plant diagram. These diagrams may be more or less complicated than the plant diagram but will focus on only a small sub-section of the overall process ~~[3]~~.		This model will concentrate on a particular sector/area of a chemical plant. This would be a separate flow diagram that details what would have been present inside of one of the blocks in the plant diagram. These diagrams may be more or less complicated than the plant diagram but will focus on only a small sub-section of the overall process (Peters and Timmerhaus, 2003).

	===Conventions===		===Conventions===

Jian: /* Block Flow Plant Diagram */

2015-02-24T17:34:58Z

Block Flow Plant Diagram

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	====Block Flow Plant Diagram====		====Block Flow Plant Diagram====
	This model of flow diagram is used to explain the general material flows throughout an entire plant. They will be generalized to certain plant sectors or stages. These documents would help orient workers to the products and important operation zones of a chemical facility ~~[3]~~.		This model of flow diagram is used to explain the general material flows throughout an entire plant. They will be generalized to certain plant sectors or stages. These documents would help orient workers to the products and important operation zones of a chemical facility (Peters and Timmerhaus, 2003).

	====Block Flow Process Diagram====		====Block Flow Process Diagram====

Jian: /* I/O Diagrams */

2015-02-24T17:34:11Z

I/O Diagrams

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	BFDs come in many forms and styles. They can be extremely simple or very detailed in their explanation of a process.		BFDs come in many forms and styles. They can be extremely simple or very detailed in their explanation of a process.
	====I/O Diagrams====		====I/O Diagrams====
	The simplest form of BFD, the I/O (input/output) diagram ~~[2]~~, provides the material streams entering and exiting the process. The diagram is modeled below using arrows entering and exiting a process box to represent the inputs and outputs, respectively.		The simplest form of BFD, the I/O (input/output) diagram (Biegler et al., 1997), provides the material streams entering and exiting the process. The diagram is modeled below using arrows entering and exiting a process box to represent the inputs and outputs, respectively.

	[[File:Io_example.JPG\|center\|frame\|Figure1. I/O Diagram]]		[[File:Io_example.JPG\|center\|frame\|Figure1. I/O Diagram]]

Jian: /* Uses */

2015-02-24T17:33:39Z

Uses

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	Creating a BFD is often one of the first steps in developing a chemical process. Different alternatives can be easily and inexpensively compared at an early stage using simple BFDs. Once alternatives have been chosen, the BFD serves as a starting point for a complete process flow diagram (PFD).		Creating a BFD is often one of the first steps in developing a chemical process. Different alternatives can be easily and inexpensively compared at an early stage using simple BFDs. Once alternatives have been chosen, the BFD serves as a starting point for a complete process flow diagram (PFD).

	A BFD is a useful tool for reports, textbooks and presentations when a detailed process flow diagram is too cumbersome. These models allow for the reader to get an overall picture of what the plant does and how all the processes interact. These can be understood by people with little experience with reading or creating flow diagrams ~~[1]~~.		A BFD is a useful tool for reports, textbooks and presentations when a detailed process flow diagram is too cumbersome. These models allow for the reader to get an overall picture of what the plant does and how all the processes interact. These can be understood by people with little experience with reading or creating flow diagrams (Towler and Sinnott, 2013).

	===Models===		===Models===