Define product and feed - Revision history

JohnPlaxco: /* Primary Raw Materials */

2015-03-07T21:45:20Z

Primary Raw Materials

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	==Primary Raw Materials==		==Primary Raw Materials==

	The definition of raw materials on the Design Basis is located in Section 5 (see image). There are 6 main categories: Feedstock name and grade, MSDS form number, Feedstock availability, Feedstock price, Known feedstock impurities, and Additional specifications. It is of vital importance to recognize that, when deciding upon feed specifications, stoichiometry should be considered, along with safety, yield, and environmental hazards~~[2]~~ (Biegler, 14). It is important to recognize that the raw materials typically contribute the most to the overall cost of production. Therefore, the choice of raw material can represent an area for optimization and monetary saving. An example Raw Material section of the Design Basis is shown below.		The definition of raw materials on the Design Basis is located in Section 5 (see image). There are 6 main categories: Feedstock name and grade, MSDS form number, Feedstock availability, Feedstock price, Known feedstock impurities, and Additional specifications. It is of vital importance to recognize that, when deciding upon feed specifications, stoichiometry should be considered, along with safety, yield, and environmental hazards (Biegler et al., 1997). It is important to recognize that the raw materials typically contribute the most to the overall cost of production. Therefore, the choice of raw material can represent an area for optimization and monetary saving. An example Raw Material section of the Design Basis is shown below.

	Table 1: Example Raw Materials Section (You, 2015).		Table 1: Example Raw Materials Section (You, 2015).

JohnPlaxco: /* MSDS form number */

2015-03-07T21:44:51Z

MSDS form number

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	===MSDS form number===		===MSDS form number===

	The MSDS (material safety data sheet) is an important tool to have when dealing with any material, as it contains key information that can help inform safe decisions regarding the substance. MSDSs contain key physical data about a compound, such as flash point, melting point, boiling point, etc. There is also information on storage and disposal methods. Sources such as Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook also contain information about flammability hazards of many chemicals and can be used in conjunction with an MSDS to help decision-making~~[3]~~ (Seider~~, 37~~). In the MSDS form number section, the specific MSDS number of each component must be listed so as to be readily available in case more information is requested.		The MSDS (material safety data sheet) is an important tool to have when dealing with any material, as it contains key information that can help inform safe decisions regarding the substance. MSDSs contain key physical data about a compound, such as flash point, melting point, boiling point, etc. There is also information on storage and disposal methods. Sources such as Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook also contain information about flammability hazards of many chemicals and can be used in conjunction with an MSDS to help decision-making (Seider et al. 2004). In the MSDS form number section, the specific MSDS number of each component must be listed so as to be readily available in case more information is requested.

	===Feedstock availability===		===Feedstock availability===

JohnPlaxco: /* Feedstock availability */

2015-03-07T21:44:16Z

Feedstock availability

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	===Feedstock availability===		===Feedstock availability===

	The availability of each feedstock must be recorded. Feedstock availability can be a determining factor when deciding upon a plant capacity. Generally, the availability and price of the necessary feedstock will depend on site location, and as such, feedstock availability is considered when choosing a plant location~~[1]~~ (Towler, ~~506~~). Whether feedstock availability is recorded on a per year or per day basis depends primarily on the use frequency of each material. This information is dependent on the overall production rate of the facility.		The availability of each feedstock must be recorded. Feedstock availability can be a determining factor when deciding upon a plant capacity. Generally, the availability and price of the necessary feedstock will depend on site location, and as such, feedstock availability is considered when choosing a plant location (Towler and Sinnot, 2013). Whether feedstock availability is recorded on a per year or per day basis depends primarily on the use frequency of each material. This information is dependent on the overall production rate of the facility.

	===Feedstock price===		===Feedstock price===

JohnPlaxco: /* Production Rate */

2015-03-07T21:43:32Z

Production Rate

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:43, 7 March 2015
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	===Production Rate===		===Production Rate===
	For any particular chemical process design, the design team is typically given a specified level of production output from which the level of feedstock input is calculated. In other cases, there is a specified level of inputs available for use. If this is the case, then the production rate should be derived from material balances calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction(s) or levels of inputs available in any given time period (day, week, year, etc.) multiplied by an efficiency factor. As an alternative, the final production rate can be obtained by looking at the output streams in the stream tables after simulating your process in specialized software (Turton et al., ~~1997~~).		For any particular chemical process design, the design team is typically given a specified level of production output from which the level of feedstock input is calculated. In other cases, there is a specified level of inputs available for use. If this is the case, then the production rate should be derived from material balances calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction(s) or levels of inputs available in any given time period (day, week, year, etc.) multiplied by an efficiency factor. As an alternative, the final production rate can be obtained by looking at the output streams in the stream tables after simulating your process in specialized software (Turton et al., 2003).

	The rate of product formation should be listed at both a daily and yearly rate, in order to allow for ease of calculations later when computing process economics. The production rate can be listed in other forms as well if they are critical to the design of the plant. For example, if the design problem is given with a desired weekly production rate, then a weekly production rate should be listed here, in addition to a daily and yearly one.		The rate of product formation should be listed at both a daily and yearly rate, in order to allow for ease of calculations later when computing process economics. The production rate can be listed in other forms as well if they are critical to the design of the plant. For example, if the design problem is given with a desired weekly production rate, then a weekly production rate should be listed here, in addition to a daily and yearly one.

JohnPlaxco: /* Production Rate */

2015-03-07T21:43:14Z

Production Rate

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:43, 7 March 2015
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	===Production Rate===		===Production Rate===
	For any particular chemical process design, the design team is typically given a specified level of production output from which the level of feedstock input is calculated. In other cases, there is a specified level of inputs available for use. If this is the case, then the production rate should be derived from material balances calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction(s) or levels of inputs available in any given time period (day, week, year, etc.) multiplied by an efficiency factor. As an alternative, the final production rate can be obtained by looking at the output streams in the stream tables after simulating your process in specialized software~~[4]~~ (Turton, ~~24-25~~).		For any particular chemical process design, the design team is typically given a specified level of production output from which the level of feedstock input is calculated. In other cases, there is a specified level of inputs available for use. If this is the case, then the production rate should be derived from material balances calculated using the stoichiometry of the reaction(s) or levels of inputs available in any given time period (day, week, year, etc.) multiplied by an efficiency factor. As an alternative, the final production rate can be obtained by looking at the output streams in the stream tables after simulating your process in specialized software (Turton et al., 1997).

	The rate of product formation should be listed at both a daily and yearly rate, in order to allow for ease of calculations later when computing process economics. The production rate can be listed in other forms as well if they are critical to the design of the plant. For example, if the design problem is given with a desired weekly production rate, then a weekly production rate should be listed here, in addition to a daily and yearly one.		The rate of product formation should be listed at both a daily and yearly rate, in order to allow for ease of calculations later when computing process economics. The production rate can be listed in other forms as well if they are critical to the design of the plant. For example, if the design problem is given with a desired weekly production rate, then a weekly production rate should be listed here, in addition to a daily and yearly one.

JohnPlaxco at 21:39, 7 March 2015

2015-03-07T21:39:59Z

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	==Introduction==		==Introduction==

	A key step in the initial phases of chemical process design is the project definition. Along with the customer definition and location of the facility, the definition of the key feeds and products is a key starting step upon which further decisions are built~~[1]~~ (Towler, 17). If implementing a new design, key feeds and products should be compared against a similar existing plant or process~~[1]~~ (Towler, ~~374~~). Both feed and product specifications are found in the Design Basis, a non-exhaustive document containing key information and details of the plant and process.		A key step in the initial phases of chemical process design is the project definition. Along with the customer definition and location of the facility, the definition of the key feeds and products is a key starting step upon which further decisions are built (Towler and Sinnot, 2013). If implementing a new design, key feeds and products should be compared against a similar existing plant or process (Towler and Sinnot, 2013). Both feed and product specifications are found in the Design Basis, a non-exhaustive document containing key information and details of the plant and process.

	Although it is a non-exhaustive document, creating the design basis is the most important step in starting a process design. The way in which this is approached involves taking a customer's needs and specifications and translating these into a working design basis. This design basis takes the customer's needs and uses them to make a very specific statement of what problem must be solved. The design basis will generally contain information about the rate of production needed as well as any relevant purity specifications for the primary product. Numerous other pieces of information that impact or constrain the design are included, such as: production units to be used, design codes that are to be followed, raw materials details, plant site information(climate data, infrastructure, land availability, etc), and utilities information(cost, availability, etc). The design basis is created, refined, and shared with and reviewed by the client, before the actual design starts.		Although it is a non-exhaustive document, creating the design basis is the most important step in starting a process design. The way in which this is approached involves taking a customer's needs and specifications and translating these into a working design basis. This design basis takes the customer's needs and uses them to make a very specific statement of what problem must be solved. The design basis will generally contain information about the rate of production needed as well as any relevant purity specifications for the primary product. Numerous other pieces of information that impact or constrain the design are included, such as: production units to be used, design codes that are to be followed, raw materials details, plant site information(climate data, infrastructure, land availability, etc), and utilities information(cost, availability, etc). The design basis is created, refined, and shared with and reviewed by the client, before the actual design starts.

JohnPlaxco at 01:45, 2 March 2015

2015-03-02T01:45:04Z

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	A key step in the initial phases of chemical process design is the project definition. Along with the customer definition and location of the facility, the definition of the key feeds and products is a key starting step upon which further decisions are built[1] (Towler, 17). If implementing a new design, key feeds and products should be compared against a similar existing plant or process[1] (Towler, 374). Both feed and product specifications are found in the Design Basis, a non-exhaustive document containing key information and details of the plant and process.		A key step in the initial phases of chemical process design is the project definition. Along with the customer definition and location of the facility, the definition of the key feeds and products is a key starting step upon which further decisions are built[1] (Towler, 17). If implementing a new design, key feeds and products should be compared against a similar existing plant or process[1] (Towler, 374). Both feed and product specifications are found in the Design Basis, a non-exhaustive document containing key information and details of the plant and process.

			Although it is a non-exhaustive document, creating the design basis is the most important step in starting a process design. The way in which this is approached involves taking a customer's needs and specifications and translating these into a working design basis. This design basis takes the customer's needs and uses them to make a very specific statement of what problem must be solved. The design basis will generally contain information about the rate of production needed as well as any relevant purity specifications for the primary product. Numerous other pieces of information that impact or constrain the design are included, such as: production units to be used, design codes that are to be followed, raw materials details, plant site information(climate data, infrastructure, land availability, etc), and utilities information(cost, availability, etc). The design basis is created, refined, and shared with and reviewed by the client, before the actual design starts.

	==Primary Raw Materials==		==Primary Raw Materials==

JohnPlaxco at 01:28, 2 March 2015

2015-03-02T01:28:34Z

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	===Additional Specifications===		===Additional Specifications===
	In this section, any further pertinent information to the process design or information given within the design statement should be listed. The main purpose of this section is to ensure that the main requirements for the process design are all clearly laid out within one easily referenced document. To that end, information that does not fit in any of the other sections can be placed here.		In this section, any further pertinent information to the process design or information given within the design statement should be listed. The main purpose of this section is to ensure that the main requirements for the process design are all clearly laid out within one easily referenced document. To that end, information that does not fit in any of the other sections can be placed here.

			==Information Gathering==
			Gathering the information to complete the primary products and raw materials forms will generally require the use of several sources. One challenge to gathering this data is that some of it isn't well tabulated, such as feedstock impurities and availability. However, there are good places to start when searching for the necessary information.

			The MSDS form number for a chemical can be found using the Iowa State University MSDS database. Feedstock availability and price will largely depend on the location of a plant, so information will be location-specific. Furthermore, many companies do not publish a set price for a compound per unit mass. Rather, they give out quotes based on factors such as volume purchased. Some resources to consider for raw material prices are Chemical Week, The Plastics Web, and Ullman's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. To gather information on feedstock availability, consider contacting distributors, comparing your process to other, similar ones, or using existing data on chemical availability. To find known feedstock impurities, the EPA can be a valuable source of information as well as companies selling the chemical of interest. Product shipment mode can be obtained using common practices information or the safety information on a chemical's MSDS. A simple google search can often yield the necessary information.

			Several other sources of information to consider using are: ChemNet, ChemCompass, SigmaAldrich, and the ICIS Chemical Business.

	==Case Studies==		==Case Studies==

JohnPlaxco at 00:29, 2 March 2015

2015-03-02T00:29:33Z

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	==Case Studies==		==Case Studies==
	As a case study, consider a plant which requires 50,000 tonnes/year of 37% formaldehyde in water (containing 8-12 wt% methanol as a stabilizer). ~~Below~~ is the ~~product~~ and ~~feed~~ definition of this process.		===Case Study 1===
			As a case study, consider a plant which requires 50,000 tonnes/year of 37% formaldehyde in water (containing 8-12 wt% methanol as a stabilizer). Shown below is the primary products and raw materials definition of this process.

	[[File:Case_products.jpeg]]		[[File:Case_products.jpeg]]

	Figure 3: ~~Product~~ definition. Taken from Team Born Sinner's (written by Sean Kelton, Michael Gleeson, Thomas Considine and James Xamplas) final report for ChE 351 with J. Cole. Report was submitted on 11/27/13		Figure 1: Primary products definition. Taken from Team Born Sinner's (written by Sean Kelton, Michael Gleeson, Thomas Considine and James Xamplas) final report for ChE 351 with J. Cole. Report was submitted on 11/27/13

	[[File:Caseraw.jpeg]]		[[File:Caseraw.jpeg]]

	Figure 4: ~~Feed~~ definition. Taken from Team Born Sinner's (written by Sean Kelton, Michael Gleeson, Thomas Considine and James Xamplas) final report for ChE 351 with J. Cole. Report was submitted on 11/27/13		Figure 2: Raw materials definition. Taken from Team Born Sinner's (written by Sean Kelton, Michael Gleeson, Thomas Considine and James Xamplas) final report for ChE 351 with J. Cole. Report was submitted on 11/27/13

			===Case Study 2===
			For a second case study, consider a plant producing 100 MMscfds of hydrogen from methane gas using steam methane reforming. The required feedstock for this process is water and methane. The products are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. The balanced equation for steam methane reforming is shown below:

	For a second case study, consider a plant producing hydrogen from methane gas using steam methane reforming. The required feedstock for this process is water and methane. The products are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. The balanced equation for steam methane reforming is shown below:

	<math>CH_4+H_2O \rightleftharpoons 3H_2+CO</math>		<math>CH_4+H_2O \rightleftharpoons 3H_2+CO</math>

	For this case study, the carbon monoxide is converted to other substances (namely, carbon dioxide, methane, and water) using water-gas shift reactors as well as methanation, so it does not appear in the products section.
			For this case study, the carbon monoxide is converted to other substances (namely, carbon dioxide, methane, and water) using water-gas shift reactors as well as methanation, so it does not appear in the products section. The raw materials and primary products definition are shown below.

			[[File:Feedstock.PNG]]

			Figure 3: Raw materials definition. Taken from team H-bombs(written by John Plaxco, Vincent Kenny, Spencer Saldana, and Erik Zuehlke) Memo 1 for ChE 352 with professor Fengqi You in winter quarter 2015.

			[[File:Products.PNG]]

			Figure 4: Primary products definition. Taken from team H-bombs(written by John Plaxco, Vincent Kenny, Spencer Saldana, and Erik Zuehlke) Memo 1 for ChE 352 with professor Fengqi You in winter quarter 2015.

	==Conclusion==		==Conclusion==

JohnPlaxco at 23:59, 1 March 2015

2015-03-01T23:59:09Z

@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 Each individual product that will result from the process, including wastes and side products, must be entered in the primary products section of the Design Basis.
-[[File:Example2.jpg]]
+Table 2: Example Primary Products Definition Section (You, 2015).
 ===Product Name & Grade===
@@ Line 124: / Line 168: @@
 In this section, any further pertinent information to the process design or information given within the design statement should be listed. The main purpose of this section is to ensure that the main requirements for the process design are all clearly laid out within one easily referenced document. To that end, information that does not fit in any of the other sections can be placed here.
-==Case Study==
+==Case Studies==
 As a case study, consider a plant which requires 50,000 tonnes/year of 37% formaldehyde in water (containing 8-12 wt% methanol as a stabilizer). Below is the product and feed definition of this process.
@@ Line 134: / Line 178: @@
 Figure 4: Feed definition. Taken from Team Born Sinner's (written by Sean Kelton, Michael Gleeson, Thomas Considine and James Xamplas) final report for ChE 351 with J. Cole. Report was submitted on 11/27/13
 ==Conclusion==