Design 2 - Revision history

Fyo464 at 22:44, 17 March 2014

2014-03-17T22:44:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 17 March 2014
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	Author: ~~Nick Pinkerton~~, ~~Karen Schmidt~~, and ~~James Xamplas~~ (~~ChE 352 in~~ Winter 2014)		Author: Sean Cabaniss, David Park, Maxim Slivinsky, and Julianne Wagoner (Winter 2014)

	Steward: David Chen, Fengqi You		Steward: David Chen, Fengqi You

Fyo464 at 22:44, 17 March 2014

2014-03-17T22:44:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 17 March 2014
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			Author: Nick Pinkerton, Karen Schmidt, and James Xamplas (ChE 352 in Winter 2014)

			Steward: David Chen, Fengqi You

	=Executive Summary=		=Executive Summary=
	Biodiesel is a biofuel alternative to petroleum diesel. One of the main pathways of biodiesel production is through transesterification. For each unit of biodiesel converted using this reaction, approximately 10% by weight will be recovered as by-product glycerol. This reaction alone accounted for approximately 65% of total glycerol production in 2011. The growing biodiesel market has created an abundance of inexpensive glycerol, which can be converted into higher value products such as propylene glycol. After conducting a thorough review of the literature, a process was developed based on existing UOP patented technology. This process produces propylene glycol via hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The reaction is carried out at 370 °F and 800 psi, which results in 85% conversion of glycerol with a 91% selectivity to propylene glycol, balance ethylene glycol. The main product is purified to 99.8 wt% to meet USP/EP grade. The main byproduct, ethylene glycol, is sold at 99.9 wt%. The process was simulated in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 to determine material balances and overall energy requirements. The process uses 16,919 tons of crude glycerol a year to produce 9,601 tons of propylene glycol and 759 tons of ethylene glycol year. This requires 823,680 tons of water, 609,840 tons of steam and 229,680 kWh a year. The sizing and cost analysis for each of the individual machines and utilities as well as the overall economic analysis have also been examined. The project is estimated to cost 7.63 $MM in capital and 12.3 $MM annual cost of production. The total project revenue comes out to 25.9 $MM each year. After an economic analysis the process was determined to have a 10 year NPV of 4.11 $MM and 20 year NPV of 7.9 $MM with respective IRR of 30% and 34%. These numbers were calculated using 20% cost of capital, a 34% tax rate and a 10 year MACRS depreciation. The project was deemed to be highly profitable and is recommended to move forward when possible.		Biodiesel is a biofuel alternative to petroleum diesel. One of the main pathways of biodiesel production is through transesterification. For each unit of biodiesel converted using this reaction, approximately 10% by weight will be recovered as by-product glycerol. This reaction alone accounted for approximately 65% of total glycerol production in 2011. The growing biodiesel market has created an abundance of inexpensive glycerol, which can be converted into higher value products such as propylene glycol. After conducting a thorough review of the literature, a process was developed based on existing UOP patented technology. This process produces propylene glycol via hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The reaction is carried out at 370 °F and 800 psi, which results in 85% conversion of glycerol with a 91% selectivity to propylene glycol, balance ethylene glycol. The main product is purified to 99.8 wt% to meet USP/EP grade. The main byproduct, ethylene glycol, is sold at 99.9 wt%. The process was simulated in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 to determine material balances and overall energy requirements. The process uses 16,919 tons of crude glycerol a year to produce 9,601 tons of propylene glycol and 759 tons of ethylene glycol year. This requires 823,680 tons of water, 609,840 tons of steam and 229,680 kWh a year. The sizing and cost analysis for each of the individual machines and utilities as well as the overall economic analysis have also been examined. The project is estimated to cost 7.63 $MM in capital and 12.3 $MM annual cost of production. The total project revenue comes out to 25.9 $MM each year. After an economic analysis the process was determined to have a 10 year NPV of 4.11 $MM and 20 year NPV of 7.9 $MM with respective IRR of 30% and 34%. These numbers were calculated using 20% cost of capital, a 34% tax rate and a 10 year MACRS depreciation. The project was deemed to be highly profitable and is recommended to move forward when possible.

Julianne at 04:12, 14 March 2014

2014-03-14T04:12:47Z

Show changes

GroupG2: /* Process Simulation */

2014-03-12T08:18:08Z

Process Simulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:18, 12 March 2014
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	The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.		The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.

	[[File:hysys.png\|~~980px~~]]		[[File:hysys.png\|1100px]]

	=Optimization=		=Optimization=

GroupG2: /* Process Simulation */

2014-03-12T08:17:29Z

Process Simulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 12 March 2014
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	The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.		The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.

	[[File:hysys.png\|~~1000px~~]]		[[File:hysys.png\|980px]]

	=Optimization=		=Optimization=

GroupG2: /* Process Simulation */

2014-03-12T08:17:16Z

Process Simulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 12 March 2014
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	The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.		The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.

	[[File:hysys.png\|~~1100px~~]]		[[File:hysys.png\|1000px]]

	=Optimization=		=Optimization=

GroupG2: /* Process Simulation */

2014-03-12T08:17:03Z

Process Simulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:17, 12 March 2014
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	The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.		The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.

	[[File:hysys.png]]		[[File:hysys.png\|1100px]]

	=Optimization=		=Optimization=

GroupG2: /* Process Simulation */

2014-03-12T08:16:46Z

Process Simulation

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:16, 12 March 2014
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	=Process Simulation=		=Process Simulation=

	The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package~~. The mass and energy balances are calculated for each piece~~ of ~~equipment and the stream energies and compositions~~ are ~~attached~~.		The process is modeled in Aspen HYSYS V7.3 using the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model as the fluid package, the results of which are shown below.

			[[File:hysys.png]]

	=Optimization=		=Optimization=

Julianne: /* Works Cited */

2014-03-12T06:08:00Z

Works Cited

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:08, 12 March 2014
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	United States Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Transportation and Air Quality. EPA Proposes 2014 Renewable Fuel Standards, 2015 Biomass-Based		United States Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Transportation and Air Quality. EPA Proposes 2014 Renewable Fuel Standards, 2015 Biomass-Based
	Diesel Volume. EPA-420-F-13-048. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/documents/420f13048.pdf. November 2013.		Diesel Volume. EPA-420-F-13-048. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/documents/420f13048.pdf. November 2013.


	18. Corporate tax rate comparisons across countries:		18. Corporate tax rate comparisons across countries:

Julianne: /* Works Cited */

2014-03-12T06:07:15Z

Works Cited

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:07, 12 March 2014
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	=Works Cited=		=Works Cited=

			1. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007:
			One Hundred Tenth Congress of the United States of America. The Energy Independence and Security Act. 2007. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS- 110hr6enr/pdf/BILLS-110hr6enr.pdf. Accessed January 21, 2014.

			2. Summary of Davy Technologies process to convert glycerol to propylene glycol:
			Davy Technologies. Propylene Glycol. Johnson Matthey. http://www.davyprotech.com/default.aspx?cid=526. Accessed January 21, 2014.

			3. Summary of glycerol market analysis conducted by Transparency Market Research:
			Transparency Market Research. Glycerol Market By Source (Biodiesel, Fatty Acids & Fatty Alcohols), By Applications (Personal Care, Alkyd Resins, Polyether Polyols, Others), Downstream Opportunities (Propylene Glycol, Epichlorohydrin, 1, 3 Propanediol And Others) - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Trends, Growth And Forecast 2012 - 2018.
			http://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/glycerol.market.html. Published March 13, 2013. Accessed January 21, 2014.

			4. Listing of glycerol prices:
			Alibaba. Glycerol. http://www.alibaba.com/trade/search?fsb=y&IndexArea=product_en&CatId=&Se archText=glycerol. Accessed January 21, 2014.

			5. Critical review of top ten biochemicals:
			Bozell JJ, Petersen GR. Technology development for the production of biobased products from biorefinery carbohydrates—the US Department of Energy’s “Top 10” revisited. Green Chemistry. 2010;12:539-554.

			6. Oleoline glycerol market analysis:
			Oleoline. Glycerine Market Report. HB International SAS. http://www.oleoline.com/wp- content/uploads/products/reports/Dec2012_462181.pdf. Published December 2012.

			7. Summary of different grades of glycerol:
			SRS International. Glycerin Specifications. http://www.srsbiodiesel.com/technologies/glycerin-purification/glycerin- specifications/. Accessed January 21, 2014.

			8. Interview with Dow Chemical on February 13, 2014.

			9. Article regarding propylene glycol market:
			PRWEB. China to Lead PG Market Through 2017, According to Merchant Research & Consulting Ltd Study Available at MarketPublishers.com.
			http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/8/prweb11057161.htm. London, UK. Published August 23, 2013. Accessed January 21, 2014.

			10. Summary regarding propylene glycol market and technologies:
			Chemsystems. PERP Program - Green Glycols and Polyols. http://www.chemsystems.com/about/cs/news/items/PERP%200910S8_Green%20 Glycols.cfm. Published 2012. Accessed January 21, 2014.

			11. UOP Process Technology patent:
			Bricker et al., inventors; UOP LLC, assignee. Methods for Converting Glycerol to Propanol. United States patent 8,101,807 B2. 2012 Jan 24.

			12. GTC Technology patent:
			Ding Z, Chiu J, Weihua J, inventors; GTC Technology US LLC, assignee. Process for Converting Glycerin into Propylene Glycol. United States patent 8,394,999 B2. 2013 Mar 12.

			13. Davy Process Technology patent:
			Tuck MWM, inventor; Davy Process Technology Limited, assignee. Process for the Hydrogenation of Glycerol to Propylene Glycol. United States patent 8,227,646 B2. 2012 Jul 24.

			14. Lanzhou Institute patent:
			Cui et al., inventors; Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, assignee. Method for Producing 1,2-Propylene Glycol using Bio-based Glycerol. United States patent 7,586,016 B2. 2009 Sep 8.

			15. Petroleo Brasileiro patent:
			Rabello et al, inventors; Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. Petrobras, assignee. Production of Propylene Glycol from Glycerine. United States patent 2011/0295044 A1. 2011 Dec 1.

			16. Archer Daniels Midland patent:
			Bloom, P, inventor; Archer Daniels Midland Company, assignee. Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol and Products Produced Therefrom. United States patent 7,928,148 B2. 2011 Apr 19.

			17. EPA regulatory announcement regarding renewable fuel standards in 2014 and 2015:
			United States Environmental Protection Agency: Office of Transportation and Air Quality. EPA Proposes 2014 Renewable Fuel Standards, 2015 Biomass-Based
			Diesel Volume. EPA-420-F-13-048. http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/documents/420f13048.pdf. November 2013.


			18. Corporate tax rate comparisons across countries:
			KPMG. Corporate Tax Rates Table.
			http://www.kpmg.com/global/en/services/tax/tax-tools-and- resources/pages/corporate-tax-rates-table.aspx. Published 2014. Accessed January 24, 2014.

			19. Weather information on Salvador, Bahia, Brazil:
			World Weather Information Service. Weather Information for Salvador. http://worldweather.wmo.int/136/c01081f.htm#climate. Accessed January 24, 2014.

			20. Dow Chemical Product Safety Assessment on Propylene Glycol:
			The Dow Chemical Company. Product Safety Assessment: DOW Propylene Glycol. http://msdssearch.dow.com/PublishedLiteratureDOWCOM/dh_043a/0901b80380 43a596.pdf?filepath=propyleneglycol/pdfs/noreg/117- 01807.pdf&fromPage=GetDoc. Revised: October 3, 2013. Accessed January 24, 2014.

			21. ICIS article on current facilities running glycerol to propylene glycol technology:
			Guzman D. Oleochemicals: Oleon enters glycerin-based propylene glycol. ICIS Chemical Business. http://www.icis.com/resources/news/2012/07/16/9577645/oleochemicals-oleon- enters-glycerin-based-propylene-glycol/. 16 July 2012. Accessed January 21, 2014.
			22. Products \| Dow Propylene Glycol
			http://www.dow.com/propyleneglycol/products/. Accessed January 21, 2014

			23. MEG Sales Specifications \| MEGlobal
			http://www.meglobal.biz/monoethylene-glycol/sales-specs. Accessed February 21, 2014.

			24. Interview with process consultant Dave Wegerer on February 25, 2014.

			25. Kostick, Dennis. Sodium Sulfate http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/sodium_sulfate/620496.pdf

			26. Towler, Gavin P., and R. K. Sinnott. Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008. Print.

			27. Oanada. Historical Exchange Rates. http://www.oanda.com/currency/historical-rates/

			28. Bloomberg. Brazil-USD exchange Rate. http://www.bloomberg.com/quote/BRLUSD:CUR

			29. ICIS Chemical Business. Chemical Profile Hydrogen. http://www.icis.com/resources/news/2005/12/08/190713/chemical-profile-hydrogen/

			30. Caustic Soda Latin America. Caustic Soda Markets and Analysis http://www.icis.com/chemicals/caustic-soda/latin-america/?tab=tbc-tab2

			31. Indicative Chemical Prices http://www.icis.com/chemicals/channel-info-chemicals-a-z/

			32. Engelhard Industiral Bullion (EIB) Prices http://apps.catalysts.basf.com/apps/eibprices/mp/

			33. London Metal Exchange. LME Official Prices. https://www.lme.com/en-gb/metals/minor-metals/cobalt/

			34. Sigma Aldrich. Alternatives for product 39988 Activated Charcoal Norit (FLUKA) http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/Replacement.do?productNumber=39988&brand=FLUKA&matNo=&fromUrl=http%3A//www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/fluka/39988%3Flang%3Den%26region%3DUS&fromUrlLabel=product%20details

			35. Bloomberg Business Journal. “Brazilian Power Price Surges to Record Amid Dry Spell” http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-01-31/brazilian-power-price-surges-to-record-amid-dry-spell.html

			36. IRS. Figure depreciation under MACRS. http://www.irs.gov/publications/p946/ch04.html

			37. KPMG. Corporate tax rates table. http://www.kpmg.com/global/en/services/tax/tax-tools-and-resources/pages/corporate-tax-rates-table.aspx